The ancient Greeks used a method of divination similar to the Norse runes. Each letter would be drawn individually on something like wood or pottery shards. The diviner would ask a question and then draw one or more letters from a pile. They would then interpret the meaning based on the phrase associated to the letter.
The phrases and their letters are as follows
Alpha-the god Apollo says you will do everything successfully
Beta-with the help of Tyche you will have an assistant
Gamma-Gaea will give you the ripe fruits of your labors
Delta-in customs inopportune strength is a weakness
Epsilon-you desire to see the offsprings of righteous marriages
Zeta-flee the great storm lest you be disabled in some way
Eta-bright Helios who watches all watches you
Theta-you have the helping Gods of this path
Iota-there is sweat it excels more than everything
Kappa-to fight with the waves is difficult endure my friend
Lambda-the one passing on the left bodes well for everything
Mu-it is necessary to labor but the change will be admirable
Nu-the strife bearing gift fulfills the oracle
Xi-there is no fruit to take from a withered shoot
Omicron-there are no crops to be reaped that were no sown
Pi-completing many contests you will seize the crown
Rho-you will go on more easily if you wait a short time
Sigma-Apollo speaks plainly "stay friend"
Upsilon-the affair holds a noble undertaking
Phi-after having done something carelessly you will blame the Gods
Khi-succeeding fried you will fulfill a golden oracle
Psi-you have the righteous judgement of the Gods
Omega-you will have a difficult harvest season not a useful one
Ya feel free to message me. I believe this method was first referenced on the Greek Magical Papyri found in Egypt. Here is a site with more information.
The interpretations are from the Greek Magical Papyri I believe. It was a text discovered in Egypt some time ago. My personal view is a bit mixed on it.
That's actually a very easy question to answer. Alexander the Great conquered Egypt and after his death the Ptolemys (who were Greek) ruled the land. They made Greek the language of the upper class and brought many Hellenic (Greek) ideas to the Egyptians. Naturally the religions mingled giving us the Greco Egyptian faiths of Alexandria and other port cities. That is part of the reason why I generally take issue with many of the things found in the Papyri. They simply seem too Egyptian for my liking.